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J. Chem. Phys. 135, 174107 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3656681 (13 pages)

Large-scale symmetry-adapted perturbation theory computations via density fitting and Laplace transformation techniques: Investigating the fundamental forces of DNA-intercalator interactions

Edward G. Hohenstein1, Robert M. Parrish1, C. David Sherrill1, Justin M. Turney2, and Henry F. Schaefer, III2

1Center for Computational Molecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA
2Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA

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(Received 9 August 2011; accepted 10 October 2011; published online 2 November 2011)

Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) provides a means of probing the fundamental nature of intermolecular interactions. Low-orders of SAPT (here, SAPT0) are especially attractive since they provide qualitative (sometimes quantitative) results while remaining tractable for large systems. The application of density fitting and Laplace transformation techniques to SAPT0 can significantly reduce the expense associated with these computations and make even larger systems accessible. We present new factorizations of the SAPT0 equations with density-fitted two-electron integrals and the first application of Laplace transformations of energy denominators to SAPT. The improved scalability of the DF-SAPT0 implementation allows it to be applied to systems with more than 200 atoms and 2800 basis functions. The Laplace-transformed energy denominators are compared to analogous partial Cholesky decompositions of the energy denominator tensor. Application of our new DF-SAPT0 program to the intercalation of DNA by proflavine has allowed us to determine the nature of the proflavine-DNA interaction. Overall, the proflavine-DNA interaction contains important contributions from both electrostatics and dispersion. The energetics of the intercalator interaction are are dominated by the stacking interactions (two-thirds of the total), but contain important contributions from the intercalator-backbone interactions. It is hypothesized that the geometry of the complex will be determined by the interactions of the intercalator with the backbone, because by shifting toward one side of the backbone, the intercalator can form two long hydrogen-bonding type interactions. The long-range interactions between the intercalator and the next-nearest base pairs appear to be negligible, justifying the use of truncated DNA models in computational studies of intercalation interaction energies.

© 2011 American Institute of Physics

Article Outline

  1. INTRODUCTION
  2. THEORETICAL METHODS
    1. Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory
    2. Density fitting
    3. Laplace transform techniques
    4. Generalized two-electron integrals
    5. Coupled-perturbed Hartree-Fock equations
    6. Exchange-dispersion evaluation
  3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
    1. Timings
    2. Accuracy of approximate energy denominators
    3. Application to intercalator complexes
  4. CONCLUSIONS

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0021-9606 (print)  
1089-7690 (online)

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