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J. Chem. Phys. 21, 836 (1953); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1699044 (15 pages)
A Theory of Sensitized Luminescence in Solids
(Received 3 November 1952)
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Add to FacebookThe term ``sensitized luminescence'' in crystalline phosphors refers to the phenomenon whereby an impurity (activator, or emitter) is enabled to luminesce upon the absorption of light in a different type of center (sensitizer, or absorber) and upon the subsequent radiationless transfer of energy from the sensitizer to the activator. The resonance theory of Förster, which involves only allowed transitions, is extended to include transfer by means of forbidden transitions which, it is concluded, are responsible for the transfer in all inorganic systems yet investigated. The transfer mechanisms of importance are, in order of decreasing strength, the overlapping of the electric dipole fields of the sensitizer and the activator, the overlapping of the dipole field of the sensitizer with the quadrupole field of the activator, and exchange effects. These mechanisms will give rise to ``sensitization'' of about 103−104, 102, and 30 lattice sites surrounding each sensitizer in typical systems. The dependence of transfer efficiency upon sensitizer and activator concentrations and on temperature are discussed. Application is made of the theory to experimental results on inorganic phosphors, and further experiments are suggested.
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The edge emission of CdS [F. A. Kröger, reference 31, C. C. Klick, Phys. Rev. 89, 274 (1953)] may prove to be an example of true lattice emission. A number of more complicated inorganic crystals, CaMoO4 and CaWO4, for example (see references 8 and 12), apparently luminesce even in the absence of imperfections, as do a number of organic crystals, e.g., anthracene and napthalene.
Schulman, Evans, Ginther, and Murata, J. Appl. Phys. 18, 732 (1947)JAPIAU000018000008000732000001.
J. Franck and R. Livingston, Revs. Modern Phys. 21, 505 (1949). This paper contains references to work on organic systems.
The latest paper on this subject, W. R. Heller and A. Marcus, Phys. Rev. 84, 809 (1951), contains references to other previous work.
D. L. Dexter and W. R. Heller, Phys. Rev. 84, 377 (1951).
See M. Lax, J. Chem. Phys. 20, 1752 (1952)JCPSA6000020000011001752000001 for further references.
L. Apker and E. Taft, Phys. Rev. 83, 479 (1951), and several earlier papers.
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