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Journal of Chemical Physics / Volume 9 / Issue 4

J. Chem. Phys. 9, 341 (1941); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1750906 (11 pages)

Dispersion and Absorption in Dielectrics I. Alternating Current Characteristics

Kenneth S. Cole1 and Robert H. Cole2

1Department of Physiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
2Research Laboratory of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts

(Received 4 February 1941)

The dispersion and absorption of a considerable number of liquid and dielectrics are represented by the empirical formula
math
In this equation, ϵ* is the complex dielectric constant, ϵ0 and ϵ∞ are the ``static'' and ``infinite frequency'' dielectric constants, ω=2π times the frequency, and τ0 is a generalized relaxation time. The parameter α can assume values between 0 and 1, the former value giving the result of Debye for polar dielectrics. The expression (1) requires that the locus of the dielectric constant in the complex plane be a circular arc with end points on the axis of reals and center below this axis.
If a distribution of relaxation times is assumed to account for Eq. (1), it is possible to calculate the necessary distribution function by the method of Fuoss and Kirkwood. It is, however, difficult to understand the physical significance of this formal result.
If a dielectric satisfying Eq. (1) is represented by a three‐element electrical circuit, the mechanism responsible for the dispersion is equivalent to a complex impedance with a phase angle which is independent of the frequency. On this basis, the mechanism of interaction has the striking property that energy is conserved or ``stored'' in addition to being dissipated and that the ratio of the average energy stored to the energy dissipated per cycle is independent of the frequency.

ARTICLE DATA

Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1750906

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

0021-9606 (print)  
1089-7690 (online)

For access to fully linked references, you need to log in.
    P. Debye, Polar Molecules (Chemical Catalogue Company, New York, 1929).

    This constant tau0 is not the same as the relaxation time as defined by Debye, differing from it by a constant factor which depends on the theory assumed for the static dielectric constant, cf. R. H. Cole, J. Chem. Phys. 6, 385 (1938)JCPSA6000006000007000385000001. The distinction is unimportant for the present discussion.

    C. Zener, Phys. Rev. 53, 90 (1938).

    H. J. MacLeod, Phys. Rev. 21, 53 (1923).

    See, for instance, J. H. Van Vleck, J. Chem. Phys. 5, 556 (1937)JCPSA6000005000007000556000001
    and reference 3.


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